A:create table tab_new like tab_old (使用旧表创建新表)B:create table tab_new as select col1,col2… from tab_old definition only
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删除新表
drop table tabname
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增加一个列
Alter table tabname add column col type注:列增加后将不能删除。DB2中列加上后数据类型也不能改变,唯一能改变的是增加varchar类型的长度。
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添加主键
Alter table tabname add primary key(col)
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删除主键
Alter table tabname drop primary key(col)
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创建索引
create [unique] index idxname on tabname(col….)
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删除索引
drop index idxname注:索引是不可更改的,想更改必须删除重新建。
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创建视图
create view viewname as select statement
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删除视图
drop view viewname
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几个简单的基本的sql语句
选择:select * from table1 where 范围插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)删除:delete from table1 where 范围更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围查找:select * from table1 where field1 like '%value1%' ---like的语法很精妙,查资料!排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]总数:select count as totalcount from table1求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1
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几个高级查询运算词
UNION 运算符
UNION 运算符通过组合其他两个结果表(例如 TABLE1 和 TABLE2)并消去表中任何重复行而派生出一个结果表。当 ALL 随 UNION一起使用时(即 UNION ALL),不消除重复行。两种情况下,派生表的每一行不是来自 TABLE1 就是来自 TABLE2。
select * into b from a where 11(仅用于SQlServer)select top 0 * into b from a
拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b;
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跨数据库之间表的拷贝(具体数据使用绝对路径) (Access可用)
insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b in ‘具体数据库' where 条件
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子查询(表名1:a 表名2:b)
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)
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显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
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外连接查询(表名1:a 表名2:b)
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
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在线视图查询(表名1:a )
select * from (SELECT a,b,c FROM a) T where t.a > 1;
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between的用法,between限制查询数据范围时包括了边界值,not between不包括
select * from table1 where time between time1 and time2select a,b,c, from table1 where a not between 数值1 and 数值2
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in 的使用方法
select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1','值2','值4','值6')
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两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )
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四表联查问题
select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
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日程安排提前五分钟提醒
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5
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一条sql 语句搞定数据库分页
select top 10 b.* from (select top 20 主键字段,排序字段 from 表名 order by 排序字段 desc) a,表名 b where b.主键字段 = a.主键字段 order by a.排序字段
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具体实现:
关于数据库分页:
declare @start int,@end int@sql nvarchar(600)set @sql='select top'+str(@end-@start+1)+'+from T where rid not in(select top'+str(@str-1)+'Rid from T where Rid>-1)'exec sp_executesql @sql
(select a from tableA ) except (select a from tableB) except (select a from tableC)
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随机取出10条数据
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()
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随机选择记录
select newid()
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删除重复记录
1),delete from tablename where id not in (select max(id) from tablename group by col1,col2,...)2),select distinct * into temp from tablenamedelete from tablenameinsert into tablename select * from temp评价: 这种操作牵连大量的数据的移动,这种做法不适合大容量的数据操作3),例如:在一个外部表中导入数据,由于某些原因第一次只导入了一部分,但很难判断具体位置,这样只有在下一次全部导入,这样也就产生好多重复的字段,怎样删除重复字段alter table tablename--添加一个自增列add column_b int identity(1,1)delete from tablename where column_b not in(select max(column_b) from tablename group by column1,column2,...)alter table tablename drop column column_b
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列出数据库里所有的表名
select name from sysobjects where type='U' // U代表用户
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列出表里的所有的列名
select name from syscolumns where id=object_id('TableName')
select type,sum(case vender when 'A' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'C' then pcs else 0 end),sum(case vender when 'B' then pcs else 0 end) FROM tablename group by type
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显示结果:
type vender pcs
电脑 A 1
电脑 A 1
光盘 B 2
光盘 A 2
手机 B 3
手机 C 3
初始化表table1
TRUNCATE TABLE table1
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选择从10到15的记录
select top 5 * from (select top 15 * from table order by id asc) table_别名 order by id desc
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技巧
1=1,1=2的使用,在SQL语句组合时用的较多
“where 1=1” 是表示选择全部 “where 1=2”全部不选,
如:
if @strWhere !='' begin set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where ' + @strWhere endelse begin set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + ']' end
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我们可以直接写成
set @strSQL = 'select count(*) as Total from [' + @tblName + '] where 1=1 and '+ @strWhere
ALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET SINGLE_USERGODBCC CHECKDB('dvbbs',repair_allow_data_loss) WITH TABLOCKGOALTER DATABASE [dvbbs] SET MULTI_USERGO
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日志清除
SET NOCOUNT ONDECLARE @LogicalFileName sysname,@MaxMinutes INT,@NewSize INTUSE tablename -- 要操作的数据库名SELECT @LogicalFileName = 'tablename_log', -- 日志文件名@MaxMinutes = 10, -- Limit on time allowed to wrap log.@NewSize = 1 -- 你想设定的日志文件的大小(M)Setup / initializeDECLARE @OriginalSize intSELECT @OriginalSize = size FROM sysfilesWHERE name = @LogicalFileNameSELECT 'Original Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),@OriginalSize) + ' 8K pages or ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(@OriginalSize*8/1024)) + 'MB'FROM sysfilesWHERE name = @LogicalFileNameCREATE TABLE DummyTrans(DummyColumn char (8000) not null)DECLARE @Counter INT,@StartTime DATETIME,@TruncLog VARCHAR(255)SELECT @StartTime = GETDATE(), @TruncLog = 'BACKUP LOG ' + db_name() + ' WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY'DBCC SHRINKFILE (@LogicalFileName, @NewSize)EXEC (@TruncLog)-- Wrap the log if necessary. WHILE @MaxMinutes > DATEDIFF (mi, @StartTime, GETDATE()) -- time has not expiredAND @OriginalSize = (SELECT size FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileName) AND (@OriginalSize * 8 /1024) > @NewSize BEGIN -- Outer loop.SELECT @Counter = 0WHILE ((@Counter < @OriginalSize / 16) AND (@Counter < 50000))BEGIN -- updateINSERT DummyTrans VALUES ('Fill Log') DELETE DummyTransSELECT @Counter = @Counter + 1ENDEXEC (@TruncLog) ENDSELECT 'Final Size of ' + db_name() + ' LOG is ' +CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),size) + ' 8K pages or ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(30),(size*8/1024)) + 'MB'FROM sysfiles WHERE name = @LogicalFileNameDROP TABLE DummyTransSET NOCOUNT OFF
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更改某个表
exec sp_changeobjectowner 'tablename','dbo'
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存储更改全部表
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.User_ChangeObjectOwnerBatch@OldOwner as NVARCHAR(128),@NewOwner as NVARCHAR(128)ASDECLARE @Name as NVARCHAR(128)DECLARE @Owner as NVARCHAR(128)DECLARE @OwnerName as NVARCHAR(128)DECLARE curObject CURSOR FOR select 'Name' = name, 'Owner' = user_name(uid)from sysobjectswhere user_name(uid)=@OldOwnerorder by nameOPEN curObjectFETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @OwnerWHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)BEGIN if @Owner=@OldOwner begin set @OwnerName = @OldOwner + '.' + rtrim(@Name) exec sp_changeobjectowner @OwnerName, @NewOwnerend-- select @name,@NewOwner,@OldOwnerFETCH NEXT FROM curObject INTO @Name, @OwnerENDclose curObjectdeallocate curObjectGO